Compare Brunei (2002) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Compare Brunei (2002) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

	Brunei (2002)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Administrative divisions	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 30.2% (male 54,038; female 51,833) 15-64 years: 67% (male 125,051; female 110,257) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,609; female 5,110) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	2 (2001)	5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 3 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Delaware	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	20.06 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million
Capital	Bandar Seri Begawan	Stanley
Climate	tropical; hot, humid, rainy	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	161 km	1,288 km
Constitution	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	Bruneian dollar (BND)	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$0	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador PUTEH ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984, but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs	claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	$4.3 million (1995) (1995)	none
Economy - overview	This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. The second largest source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	2.065 billion kWh (2000)	11.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production	2.22 billion kWh (2000)	12 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%	British
Exchange rates	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.8917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	$3 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)	$7.6 million (1995)
Exports - commodities	crude oil, natural gas, refined products	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $52 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $19,000
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2001 est.)	1%
Geographic coordinates	4 30 N, 114 40 E	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Heliports	3 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996)	total: 550 km paved: at least 50 km unpaved: NA (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty	-
Imports	$1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000 est.)	$24.7 million (1995)
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Independence	1 January 1984 (from UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	4% (1997 est.)	NA%
Industries	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction	wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins; tourism
Infant mortality rate	13.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1999 est.)	3.6% (1998) (1998)
International organization participation	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO	ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	143,400 (1999 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) (1999 est.)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages	Malay (official), English, Chinese	English
Legal system	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch) elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.06 years male: 71.68 years female: 76.56 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.)	-
Location	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Southeast Asia	South America
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 7 (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$343 million (FY98)	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	5.1% (FY98)	NA%
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 108,921 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 62,864 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 3,005 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, timber	fish, wildlife
Net migration rate	3.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines	crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km	-
Political parties and leaders	Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	350,898 (July 2002 est.)	2,967 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	2.06% (2002 est.)	2.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong	Stanley
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	329,000 (1998)	1,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)	0 km
Religions	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	none	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	79,000 (1996)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	43,524 (1996)	NA
Television broadcast stations	2 (1997)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	2.4 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	10% (2001 est.)	full employment; labor shortage
Waterways	209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m	none

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